Drivers TGE

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Shopping around for headphones is confusing enough as is, and there are a lot of things you need to keep straight. Should you get on-ear headphones or in-ears? Is Bluetooth better or wired? While there’s plenty of reading to do on those questions, we’re here to give you a quick and easy breakdown of four different driver types: dynamic drivers, planar magnetic drivers, and electrostatic drivers, and balanced armature drivers.

Admtek an983 based ethernet adapter driver download for windows 8.1. Editor’s note: this article was updated on April 19, 2019, to include information pertaining to open-back headphones and understanding objective measurements.

What is a driver?

Before we start walking, we have to learn to crawl. As the name suggests, a driver is a small speaker unit that drives the sound down your ear canal. It’s an electromagnetic device that translates electrical signals into audible sound. Its presence is necessary for any pair of headphones to function. And as the varying sizes of headphones and IEMs show, drivers—or transducers—also differ in size.

Dynamic drivers

The V-Moda Crossfade 2 Codex headphones house a set of dynamic drivers, which help the cans maintain a portable form.

Most affordable of the three driver types
Compact and lightweight
Often don’t require external power
Can create harmonic distortion

More often than not, dynamic drivers are found in consumer-oriented headphones. Why? Simply because they’re an affordable choice. A magnet—typically neodymium—affixed to the housing interior creates a static magnetic field. This interacts with the voice coil which is subsequently forced to oscillate towards and away from the created magnetic field. This creates vibrations and, thus, sound waves.

Wikipedia Commons A dynamic driver consists of a (1) magnet, (2) coil, (3) suspension, and (4) diaphragm.

How do dynamic drivers affect my music?

As far as sound quality goes, dynamic drivers adeptly reproduce low-end frequencies. However, at louder volumes, this can create undesirable harmonic distortion. See, producing loud, low frequency responses is a tasking process on dynamic drivers coil moment can be limited, causing inaccurate sound reproduction. Additionally, if the drivers are too small, they can sometimes create weird distortions by bouncing sound off your ear at strange angles. Though they’re the worst-performing drivers discussed in the article, the truth is they’re not bad—but there are better out there if you’re willing to spend.

On the flip side, dynamic drivers are easier to power than other driver types. This allows for plenty of affordable models that don’t require an amp or DAC for optimal playback.

Variations in dynamic driver sound quality can be attributed to different materials used and the housing architecture.

Planar magnetic drivers

The rectangular cutouts are an easy way to identify planar magnetic headphones.

Less harmonic distortion
More accurate sound reproduction
More expensive
Headphones with planar magnetic drivers tend to be heavier than those with dynamic drivers
Usually require external power

Headphones using planar magnetic drivers sport a distinct look: the ear cup underbelly features a rectangular—rather than elliptical—shape. Although planar magnetic drivers are typically found in open-back, over-ear headphones, we’re seeing an uptick of in-ears using them too.

In a sense, these operate similarly to dynamic drivers because they also use magnetic fields. Rather than using a coil, planar magnetic drivers consist of a large, flat, membrane that has an embedded wire pattern. Rather than using a coil, the membrane is directly moved by magnets it sits between.

Audeze Audeze’s planar magnetic headphones use proprietary magnets to create a magnetic field.

Due to the larger diaphragm and magnets found in planar magnetic headphones, these models often cost more, are heavier, and require more power to be driven. Which means they usually need an amplifier, and are made to be used at the computer.

How do planar magnetic drivers affect my music?

Planar magnetic and electrostatic headphones alike often require an external amplifier.

Since vibrations are evenly distributed across the entire membrane, distortion is mitigated. By reproducing a more neutral frequency response, all aspects of sound will be more accurately reproduced. By creating what’s called a “planar wavefront” (a flat source of sound), the sound reaching your ears is less likely to echo or bounce off your head in a strange way, so it’s easier to maintain the illusion that you’re actually listening to something that’s happening around you in real life.

Electrostatic drivers

Amazon The Koss ESP-950 are sensitive electrostatic headphones that respond to subtle changes in audio.

No moving parts mitigates virtually any perceptible distortion
Respond to subtle changes in audio for accurate sound
Expensive
Require specialized amplifier
Bulky and heavy headphones

Electrostatic headphones are rare, expensive headphones that use static electricity to create an electric field. This draws and repels the thin diaphragm to and from a pair of metal plates that sandwich it. Each plate is perforated, forcing airflow. This movement in conjunction with the constantly changing electric signal moving the diaphragm creates sound.

Wikipedia Commons With electrostatic drivers, the diaphragm is propelled to and from a pair of surrounding metal plates.

Headphones that use electrostatic drivers are much more expensive than your standard dynamic driver and require a specialized amplifier, only increasing the overall cost.

How do electrostatic drivers affect my music?

The absence of moving metal components allows these drivers to produce a virtually distortion-free sound. While this accuracy is much sought after, it’s not realistic to produce on a grand scale for general consumers. The sheer expense and the fact that they require bespoke amplifiers to even work means that these are the domain of enthusiasts only.

Balanced armature drivers

The compact size of balanced armature drivers found in the 1More Triple-Driver In-Ear keep the earbuds small and easy to transport without sacrificing sound quality.

Smaller and more efficient than dynamic drivers
Excellent treble response
Can delegate range of frequencies to each armature (if multiple armature IEM)
More expensive than dynamic drivers

Balanced armature drivers are much smaller than the others listed, because they’re modern domain is limited to in-ears. As with the others, the name describes how balanced armature drivers work. A magnetic armature rests on a pivot and rotates between two magnets. When it’s centered within the magnetic field, there’s “no net force on the armature.” In other words, it’s at this point that the armature is balanced.

JA.Davidson at English Wikipedia The balanced armature rests on a pivot and makes small rotations due to the surrounding magnetic field, causing the diaphragm to create sound waves.

When an electric current is sent through the coil, which is wrapped around the armature, the magnetization forces the armature to rotate from the pivot. This motion causes the diaphragm to move and create sound waves.

How do balanced armature drivers affect my music?

Although it requires quite a bit of force for the armature to remain in the balanced position, it’s still a fairly efficient process. A proper seal is imperative for optimal reproduction and some headphones, like the 1More Triple-Driver In-ear, use multiple armature drivers.

Doing so delegates certain range of frequencies to each armature—bass notes will usually be handled by an individual driver, and the rest will be handled by one to three others. Since these tend to perform best with treble range frequencies or those below 20Hz, this specialization in balanced armature earbuds allows for improved low-end reproduction.

Which driver is the best?

As with all things, you have to make a cost-benefit analysis. Sure, you could blindly say that electrostatic drivers are “best,” but that would be a gross oversimplification. Assuming that most of us operate within constrained budgets and don’t need the most accurate frequency response, dynamic drivers do make the most sense. They’re cost-effective and versatile. Whether you want something cheap and functional or luxurious and analytical, dynamic drivers have you covered.

At the end of the day, if you’re like most us, all you want is something that sounds pretty good and works. In that case, save some money and get a pair of dynamic driver headphones. They’re affordable and portable.

Of course, if audio is your passion and you have the means to pursue that passion, planar magnetic, electrostatic, and balanced armature-driven headphones are worthy upgrades. Although these driver types require a bit more shopping around, there are plenty of options out there. And as demonstrated by the Monoprice Monolith 1060, not all planar magnetic headphones have to set you back thousands of dollars.

Next up: How to read charts

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Applies to: Configuration Manager (current branch)

Configuration Manager provides a driver catalog that you can use to manage the Windows device drivers in your Configuration Manager environment. Use the driver catalog to import device drivers into Configuration Manager, to group them in packages, and to distribute those packages to distribution points. Device drivers can be used when you install the full OS on the destination computer and when you use Windows PE in a boot image. Windows device drivers consist of a setup information (INF) file and any additional files that are required to support the device. When you deploy an OS, Configuration Manager obtains the hardware and platform information for the device from its INF file.

Driver categories

When you import device drivers, you can assign the device drivers to a category. Device driver categories help group similarly used device drivers together in the driver catalog. For example, set all network adapter device drivers to a specific category. Then, when you create a task sequence that includes the Auto Apply Drivers step, specify a category of device drivers. Configuration Manager then scans the hardware and selects the applicable drivers from that category to stage on the system for Windows Setup to use.

Driver packages

Group similar device drivers in packages to help streamline OS deployments. For example, create a driver package for each computer manufacturer on your network. You can create a driver package when importing drivers into the driver catalog directly in the Driver Packages node. After you create a driver package, distribute it to distribution points. Then Configuration Manager client computers can install the drivers as required.

Consider the following points:

When you create a driver package, the source location of the package must point to an empty network share that's not used by another driver package. The SMS Provider must have Full control permissions to that location.
When you add device drivers to a driver package, Configuration Manager copies it to the package source location. You can add to a driver package only device drivers that you've imported and that are enabled in the driver catalog.
You can copy a subset of the device drivers from an existing driver package. First, create a new driver package. Then add the subset of device drivers to the new package, and then distribute the new package to a distribution point.
When you use task sequences to install drivers, create driver packages that contain less than 500 device drivers.

Create a driver package

Important

To create a driver package, you must have an empty network folder that's not used by another driver package. In most cases, create a new folder before you start this procedure.

In the Configuration Manager console, go to the Software Library workspace. Expand Operating Systems, and then select the Driver Packages node.
On the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Create group, select Create Driver Package.
Specify a descriptive Name for the driver package.
Enter an optional Comment for the driver package. Use this description to provide information about the contents or the purpose of the driver package.
In the Path box, specify an empty source folder for the driver package. Each driver package must use a unique folder. This path is required as a network location.
Important
The site server account must have Full control permissions to the specified source folder.

The new driver package doesn't contain any drivers. The next step adds drivers to the package.

If the Driver Packages node contains several packages, you can add folders to the node to separate the packages into logical groups.

Additional actions for driver packages

You can do additional actions to manage driver packages when you select one or more driver packages from the Driver Packages node.

Create prestage content file

Creates files that you can use to manually import content and its associated metadata. Use prestaged content when you have low network bandwidth between the site server and the distribution points where the driver package is stored.

Delete (driver package)

Removes the driver package from the Driver Packages node.

Distribute content

Distributes the driver package to distribution points, distribution point groups, and distribution point groups that are associated with collections.

Export (driver package)

Start the Export Driver Package Wizard to save associated drivers and content to a file. Use this process to move driver packages between hierarchies.

Import driver package

Start the Import Driver Package Wizard to create a driver package from a previously exported package.

Tip

Starting in version 2010, when you import an object in the Configuration Manager console, it now imports to the current folder. Previously, Configuration Manager always put imported objects in the root node.

Manage access accounts

Adds, modifies, or removes access accounts for the driver package.

For more information about package access accounts, see Accounts used in Configuration Manager.

Move (driver package)

Moves the driver package to another folder in the Driver Packages node.

Properties (driver package)

Opens the Properties window. Review and change the content and properties of the driver. For example, change the name and description of the driver, enable or disable it, and specify on which platforms it can run.

Driver packages have metadata fields for Manufacturer and Model. Use these fields to tag driver packages with information to assist in general housekeeping, or to identify old and duplicate drivers that you can delete. On the General tab, select an existing value, or enter a string to create a new entry.

In the Driver Packages node, these fields display in the list as the Driver Manufacturer and Driver Model columns. They can also be used as search criteria.

Starting in version 1906, use these attributes to pre-cache content on a client. For more information, see Configure pre-cache content.

Show members

View all the drivers in the selected driver package.

Update distribution points

Updates the driver package on all the distribution points where the site stores it. This action copies only the content that has changed after the last time it was distributed.

Device drivers

You can install drivers on destination computers without including them in the OS image that is deployed. Configuration Manager provides a driver catalog that contains references to all the drivers that you import into Configuration Manager. The driver catalog is located in the Software Library workspace and consists of two nodes: Drivers and Driver Packages. The Drivers node lists all the drivers that you've imported into the driver catalog.

Import device drivers into the driver catalog

Before you can use a driver when you deploy an OS, import it into the driver catalog. To better manage them, import only the drivers that you plan to install as part of your OS deployments. Store multiple versions of drivers in the catalog to provide an easy way to upgrade existing drivers when hardware device requirements change on your network.

As part of the import process for the device driver, Configuration Manager reads the following properties about the driver:

Provider
Class
Version
Signature
Supported hardware
Supported platform information

By default, the driver is named after the first hardware device that it supports. You can rename the device driver later. The supported platforms list is based on the information in the INF file of the driver. Because the accuracy of this information can vary, manually verify that the driver is supported after you import it into the catalog.

After you import device drivers into the catalog, add them to driver packages or boot image packages.

Important

You can't import device drivers directly into a subfolder of the Drivers node. To import a device driver into a subfolder, first import the device driver into the Drivers node, and then move the driver to the subfolder.

Process to import Windows device drivers into the driver catalog

In the Configuration Manager console, go to the Software Library workspace. Expand Operating Systems, and select the Drivers node.
On the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Create group, select Import Driver to start the Import New Driver Wizard.
On the Locate Driver page, specify the following options:
- Import all drivers in the following network path (UNC): To import all the device drivers in a specific folder, specify its network path. For example: servernamesharefolder.
  Note
  If there are a lot of subfolders and a lot of driver INF files, this process can take time.
- Import a specific driver: To import a specific driver from a folder, specify the network path to the Windows device driver INF file.
- Specify the option for duplicate drivers: Select how you want Configuration Manager to manage driver categories when you import a duplicate device driver
  - Import the driver and append a new category to the existing categories
  - Import the driver and keep the existing categories
  - Import the driver and overwrite the existing categories
  - Do not import the driver
Important
When you import drivers, the site server must have Read permission to the folder, or the import fails.
On the Driver Details page, specify the following options:
- Hide drivers that are not in a storage or network class (for boot images): Use this setting to only display storage and network drivers. This option hides other drivers that aren't typically needed for boot images, such as a video driver or modem driver.
- Hide drivers that are not digitally signed: Microsoft recommends only using drivers that are digitally signed
- In the list of drivers, select the drivers that you want to import into the driver catalog.
- Enable these drivers and allow computers to install them: Select this setting to let computers install the device drivers. This option is enabled by default.
  Important
  If a device driver is causing a problem or you want to suspend the installation of a device driver, disable it during import. You can also disable drivers after you import them.
- To assign the device drivers to an administrative category for filtering purposes, such as 'Desktops' or 'Notebooks', select Categories. Then choose an existing category, or create a new category. Use categories to control which device drivers are applied by the Auto Apply Drivers task sequence step.
On the Add Driver to Packages page, choose whether to add the drivers to a package.
- Select the driver packages that are used to distribute the device drivers.
  If necessary, select New Package to create a new driver package. When you create a new driver package, provide a network share that's not in use by other driver packages.
- If the package has already been distributed to distribution points, select Yes in the dialog box to update the boot images on distribution points. You can't use device drivers until they're distributed to distribution points. If you select No, run the Update Distribution Point action before using the boot image. If the driver package has never been distributed, you must use the Distribute Content action in the Driver Packages node.
On the Add Driver to Boot Images page, choose whether to add the device drivers to existing boot images.
Note
Add only storage and network drivers to the boot images.
- Select Yes in the dialog box to update the boot images on distribution points. You can't use device drivers until they're distributed to distribution points. If you select No, run the Update Distribution Point action before using the boot image. If the driver package has never been distributed, you must use the Distribute Content action in the Driver Packages node.
- Configuration Manager warns you if the architecture for one or more drivers doesn't match the architecture of the boot images that you selected. If they don't match, select OK. Go back to the Driver Details page, and clear the drivers that don't match the architecture of the selected boot image. For example, if you select an x64 and x86 boot image, all drivers must support both architectures. If you select an x64 boot image, all drivers must support the x64 architecture.
  Note
  - The architecture is based on the architecture reported in the INF from the manufacturer.
  - If a driver reports it supports both architectures, then you can import it into either boot image.
- Configuration Manager warns you if you add device drivers that aren't network or storage drivers to a boot image. In most cases, they aren't necessary for the boot image. Select Yes to add the drivers to the boot image, or No to go back and modify your driver selection.
- Configuration Manager warns you if one or more of the selected drivers aren't properly digitally signed. Select Yes to continue, and select No to go back and make changes to your driver selection.
Complete the wizard.

Manage device drivers in a driver package

Drivers Test Appointment

Use the following procedures to modify driver packages and boot images. To add or remove a driver, first locate it in the Drivers node. Then edit the packages or boot images with which the selected driver is associated.

Drivers Test Dmv

In the Configuration Manager console, go to the Software Library workspace. Expand Operating Systems, and then select the Drivers node.
Select the device drivers that you want to add to a driver package.
On the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Driver group, select Edit, and then choose Driver Packages.
To add a device driver, select the check box of the driver packages to which you want to add the device drivers. To remove a device driver, clear the check box of the driver packages from which you want to remove the device driver.
If you're adding device drivers that are associated with driver packages, you can optionally create a new package. Select New Package, which opens the New Driver Package dialog box.
If the package has already been distributed to distribution points, select Yes in the dialog box to update the boot images on distribution points. You can't use device drivers until they're distributed to distribution points. If you select No, run the Update Distribution Point action before using the boot image. If the driver package has never been distributed, you must use the Distribute Content action in the Driver Packages node. Before the drivers are available, you must update the driver package on distribution points.
Select OK when finished.

Manage device drivers in a boot image

You can add to boot images Windows device drivers that have been imported into the catalog. Use the following guidelines when you add device drivers to a boot image:

Add only storage and network drivers to boot images. Other types of drivers aren't usually required in Windows PE. Drivers that aren't required unnecessarily increase the size of the boot image.
Add only device drivers for Windows 10 to a boot image. The required version of Windows PE is based on Windows 10.
Make sure that you use the correct device driver for the architecture of the boot image. Don't add an x86 device driver to an x64 boot image.

Process to modify the device drivers associated with a boot image

In the Configuration Manager console, go to the Software Library workspace. Expand Operating Systems, and then select the Drivers node.
Select the device drivers that you want to add to the driver package.
On the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Driver group, select Edit, and then choose Boot images.
To add a device driver, select the check box of the boot image to which you want to add the device drivers. To remove a device driver, clear the check box of the boot image from which you want to remove the device driver.
If you don't want to update the distribution points where the boot image is stored, clear the Update distribution points when finished check box. By default, the distribution points are updated when the boot image is updated.
- Select Yes in the dialog box to update the boot images on distribution points. You can't use device drivers until they're distributed to distribution points. If you select No, run the Update Distribution Point action before using the boot image. If the driver package has never been distributed, you must use the Distribute Content action in the Driver Packages node.
- Configuration Manager warns you if the architecture for one or more drivers doesn't match the architecture of the boot images that you selected. If they don't match, select OK. Go back to the Driver Details page and clear the drivers that don't match the architecture of the selected boot image. For example, if you select an x64 and x86 boot image, all drivers must support both architectures. If you select an x64 boot image, all drivers must support the x64 architecture.
  Note
  - The architecture is based on the architecture reported in the INF from the manufacturer.
  - If a driver reports it supports both architectures then you can import it into either boot image.
- Configuration Manager warns you if you add device drivers that aren't network or storage drivers to a boot image. In most cases, they aren't necessary for the boot image. Select Yes to add the drivers to the boot image or No to go back and modify your driver selection.
- Configuration Manager warns you if one or more of the selected drivers aren't properly digitally signed. Select Yes to continue or select No to go back and make changes to your driver selection.

Additional actions for device drivers

You can do additional actions to manage drivers when you select them in the Drivers node.

Categorize

Clears, manages, or sets an administrative category for the selected drivers.

Delete (driver)

Removes the driver from the Drivers node and also removes the driver from the associated distribution points.

Disable

Prohibits the driver from being installed. This action temporarily disables the driver. The task sequence can't install a disabled driver when you deploy an OS.

Note

This action only prevents drivers from installing using the Auto Apply Driver task sequence step.

Enable

Lets Configuration Manager client computers and task sequences install the device driver when you deploy the OS.

Move (driver)

Moves the device driver to another folder in the Drivers node.

Properties (driver)

Drivers Test Study Guide

Opens the Properties dialog box. Review and change the properties of the driver. For example, change its name and description, enable or disable it, and specify which platforms it can run on.

Use task sequences to install drivers

Use task sequences to automate how the OS is deployed. Each step in the task sequence can do a specific action, such as installing a driver. You can use the following two task sequence steps to install device drivers when you deploy an OS:

Auto Apply Drivers: This step lets you automatically match and install device drivers as part of an operating system deployment. You can configure the task sequence step to install only the best matched driver for each detected hardware device. Alternatively, specify that the step installs all compatible drivers for each detected hardware device, and then let Windows Setup choose the best driver. You can also specify a driver category to limit the drivers that are available for this step.
Apply Driver Package: This step lets you make all device drivers in a specific driver package available for Windows Setup. In the specified driver packages, Windows Setup searches for the device drivers that are required. When you create stand-alone media, you must use this step to install device drivers.

When you use these task sequence steps, you can also specify how the drivers are installed on the computer where you deploy the OS. For more information, see Manage task sequences to automate tasks.

Driver reports

You can use several reports in the Driver Management reports category to determine general information about the device drivers in the driver catalog. For more information about reports, see Introduction to reporting.